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CVE-2012-0391

9.8, critical Known exploited

Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability

NVD (opens in a new tab) CVE.org (opens in a new tab) CISA KEV catalogue (opens in a new tab)
CVSS
9.8, critical critical CVSS v3.1
EPSS, next 30 days
76% higher than 99.5% of scored CVEs
Exploitation
Confirmed in the wild
Published
8 Jan 201214 years ago

Known exploited

CISA added this to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog on 21 Jan 2022. US federal agencies had to remediate by 21 Jul 2022, a deadline that has passed.

Required action. Apply updates per vendor instructions.

Description

The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.

Details

Vendor
Apache
Product
Struts
Weakness
CWE-94 (opens in a new tab)
Status
Analyzed
Updated
16 Jun 2026
Assigner
cve@mitre.org

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References 8

Exploit code 3

Advisories 4

Other references 1

The kind is read from NVD's tags where present and from the shape of the URL otherwise, so treat it as a hint.

Other Apache CVEs

Every Apache CVE we hold

Same vendor in what we hold, not a known link between the flaws.

  • CVE-2026-34486 Apache Tomcat Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data Vulnerability KEV EPSS 7% 7.5, high
  • CVE-2026-34197 Apache ActiveMQ Improper Input Validation Vulnerability KEV EPSS 15% 8.8, high
  • CVE-2025-24813 Apache Tomcat Path Equivalence Vulnerability KEV EPSS 100% 9.8, critical
  • CVE-2024-45195 Apache OFBiz Forced Browsing Vulnerability KEV EPSS 100% 7.5, high
  • CVE-2024-38856 Apache OFBiz Incorrect Authorization Vulnerability KEV EPSS 99% 9.8, critical
  • CVE-2024-38475 Apache HTTP Server Improper Escaping of Output Vulnerability KEV EPSS 100% 9.1, critical
  • CVE-2024-32113 Apache OFBiz Path Traversal Vulnerability KEV EPSS 100% 9.8, critical
  • CVE-2024-27348 Apache HugeGraph-Server Improper Access Control Vulnerability KEV EPSS 99% 9.8, critical

Beyond this page

Is CVE-2012-0391 in your network?

This page tells you how dangerous CVE-2012-0391 is out there. Whether it sits on one of your devices, only a scan of your own network can tell. That is what our systems do, every day, for the companies we protect.

CVE-2012-0391 is in the CISA catalogue of exploited vulnerabilities: attackers are already exploiting it.

  • EXYS7600 OCELOT

    Find it before attackers do

    Ocelot scans your network on a schedule and reports every vulnerability it finds by its CVE identifier, with its CVSS score and how many of your hosts are affected. A finding like CVE-2012-0391 comes with the devices to patch.

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  • EXYS7950 KONDRA

    Detect it if it's exploited

    Until the patch is applied, Kondra monitors your network, events and endpoints in real time. It keeps an inventory of the software installed on every endpoint, and its anomaly detection rules flag what an attacker does once inside.

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Check your exposure

Assembled from the NVD 2.0 API, the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog and FIRST EPSS. Scores are as of our last collection on 16 Oct 2026, not the live upstream state.