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CVE-2026-17507

7.5, high

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the MLS implementation (org.bouncycastle.mls) holds RFC 9420's uint32 leaf_index in a signed int,…

NVD (opens in a new tab) CVE.org (opens in a new tab)
CVSS
7.5, high high CVSS v3.1
EPSS, next 30 days
0.3% higher than 26.2% of scored CVEs
Exploitation
No public evidence
Published
2 Oct 202615 days ago

Description

In Bouncy Castle for Java before 1.86, the MLS implementation (org.bouncycastle.mls) holds RFC 9420's uint32 leaf_index in a signed int, so a wire value with the top bit set decodes to a negative number. That is a legitimate encoding rather than malformed input, and it must still decode, since the MLS interop test vectors round-trip the full range. GroupKeySet.SecretTree.hasLeaf and Group.validateRemove compared the decoded value directly against the tree's leaf count, and a signed comparison treats any negative int as less than a positive bound, so an out-of-range sender passed the membership check. In the hasLeaf case the SenderData of an unprotected PrivateMessage could then drive LeafIndex.directPath through NodeIndex.parent() arithmetic that never reaches the tree root, growing the resulting node list without bound until the JVM exhausted its heap. A single small message from any current group member could therefore deny service to every other member of the group. Both comparisons now interpret the value as unsigned via Integer.toUnsignedLong, rejecting an out-of-range sender however it was encoded; well-formed leaf indices are unaffected.

Details

Vendor
Legion of the Bouncy Castle Inc.
Product
BC-JAVA
Weakness
CWE-195 (opens in a new tab)
Status
Analyzed
Updated
14 Oct 2026
Assigner
91579145-5d7b-4cc5-b925-a0262ff19630

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References 2

Patches and fixes 2

The kind is read from NVD's tags where present and from the shape of the URL otherwise, so treat it as a hint.

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Is CVE-2026-17507 in your network?

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Check your exposure

Assembled from the NVD 2.0 API, the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog and FIRST EPSS. Scores are as of our last collection on 17 Oct 2026, not the live upstream state.